垂直专业化的工资增长效应——理论与中国高技术产业的经验分析

本文构建一个理论模型探讨了垂直专业化对工资增长的影响,并选取中国高技术产业1995—2008年三位数行业面板数据,运用面板单位根及协整检验、面板FMOLS与DOLS估计方法进行了经验分析。研究表明,垂直专业化有利于行业工资收入水平的提高,但对工资收入的贡献具有显著的行业差异性;行业总收入对工资收入水平的提高有着促进作用,且具有行业差异性。在此基础上,运用动态面板数据GMM方法考察影响垂直专业化的关键因素,分析结果表明外向度、资本密集度、劳动效率、交易费用为我国高技术产业垂直专业化的影响因素,而行业竞争不是影响垂直专业化的决定性因素。     

农民工工资市场决定失灵的原因及解决途径

我国农民工的工资市场决定存在失灵,主要是农民工劳动力供求的变动对其工资水平的影响微弱,农民工劳动力短缺与其工资水平偏低并存。这种失灵直接源于农民工劳动力的供需矛盾性、需求垄断性和信息非对称性所决定的农民工劳动力市场的发育缺陷,根源于农民工劳动力市场所面临的包括以户籍制度为主的制度壁垒、重城轻乡的制度安排和信息传导的制度缺失在内的制度困境。而培育农民工劳动力市场、完善相关制度是解决其工资市场决定失灵的现实出路,其中转变政府职能是关键。     

“以水定产”的经验、问题及建议

在界定"以水定产"概念的基础上,围绕"以水定产"的发展理念和实践探索,分析了目前"以水定产"在落实过程中存在对"以水定产"认识有待进一步加强、水与产的矛盾有待进一步解决、保障措施有待进一步提升等问题,从完善政策法规、建立各部门协作的工作模式、完善"以水定产"相关的体制机制、提高水资源计量监测能力、建立水资源控制指标体系等5个方面,提出了进一步落实"以水定产"的对策建议。     

铁皮石斛复方胶囊中甘露糖的含量检测方法研究

目的:建立通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定铁皮石斛复方胶囊中甘露糖的方法。方法:样品以盐酸氨基葡萄糖为内标,分别经索式提取、盐酸水解和衍生化处理。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以20 mmol·L^-1乙酸铵-乙腈溶液(83∶17)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,进样量10μL,波长250 nm,在室温下进行检测。结果:甘露糖在21.54~215.40μg·mL^-1(R²=0.9999)范围内呈现良好的线性关系;其精密度实验的RSD值为0.22%,其重复性实验的RSD值为2.31%,其平均加样回收率为100.34%,RSD为2.46%。结论:供试品溶液在48 h内稳定,该方法专属性高、重复性好,可用于铁皮石斛复方胶囊中甘露糖的含量测定。本实验为铁皮石斛复方胶囊的质量标准制定提供了基础数据。     

Capital–Skill Complementarity and Inequality in Sweden

Income inequality increased in Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s, as did the returns to higher education. The main conclusion of this study is that increased income inequality between high‐ and low‐skilled workers is demand driven and is due to the presence of capital–skill complementarity in production. Increased investments in new, more efficient capital equipment, along with a slowdown in the growth rate of skilled labor, have raised the ratio of effective capital inputs per skilled worker, which, in turn, has increased the relative demand (and market return) for skilled labor through the capital–skill complementarity mechanism.     

Wage Structure Effects of Taiwan's Science and Technology Development Policy*

This article extends the demand shift analysis of Katz and Murphy (1992) to examine the impact of Taiwan's science and technology development policy on the wage structure between 1979 and 1998. Changes in factor demand are required to account for changes in the wage structure throughout this time. Decomposing factor demand shifts by industry reveal that for men with a vocational college education, the policy can account for 30 percent of the increase in demand; for a university qualification, the amount is 20 percent. It is argued that the policy effect was mostly exogenous.     

Male–female wage differentials in Japan

This paper empirically analyzes the gender wage gap in Japan using a new data set KHPS2004 which contains a wealth of information on the work history of individuals. KHPS2004 enables us to estimate wage functions without overstating individual’s human capital accumulation by work experience especially for females. Neuman-Oaxaca decomposition method is employed to analyze why the gender wage gap appears to exist in Japan. Main reasons as follows. First, full-time work experience and seniority which affect significantly wages is shorter for females than for males. Second, there are significant differences in evaluation of full-time experience between males and females.     

The Great Compression of the 1940s: The Public versus the Private Sector

Between 1940 and 1950 wage differentials narrowed substantially, a phenomenon that economic historians have called the “Great Compression.” This paper dis-aggregates the Great Compression into changes within and between the public and private sectors. We show that wage differentials declined in the public sector as well as in the private sector; had the public sector decline not taken place, the Great Compression would have been substantially smaller. In this regard, the experience of the 1940s stands in stark contrast with that of the past two decades, during which a relatively rigid public sector wage structure has dampened overall increases in wage inequality.     

汇率风险套期比率确定方法的比较与评析

套期比率确定方法可大致分为基于回归技术和基于均值/方差理论的套期比率确定方法两类。采用新的计量分析工具来研究不完备市场中的套期保值,以及带“摩擦”的金融市场中的套期保值,将会成为现代套期保值理论新的理论领域。     

Market Liberalization,Regulatory Uncertainty,and Firm Investment

This paper analyzes the effects of regulatory uncertainty regarding labor costs on investment in a liberalized market. We distinguish between the external investment margin (market entry) and the internal investment margin (technology), and establish that regulatory uncertainty affects these margins differently, encouraging market entry, but discouraging technological investment. As a consequence, the impact of regulatory uncertainty on competition in liberalized markets is a combination of these two countervailing forces.